- 6CO2 + 6H2O --light---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- plants to produce food
- make up of two reactions: light dependent and light independent rnx
Light Dependent Reaction:
- takes place in the chloroplasts of cells.
- two membranes, and contains several stacks of thylakoids within the stroma on the inner membrane.
- uses sun's energy to remove electrons from water, transferring them from proteins through redox rnx, giving rise to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH
- electron transport chain (ETC):
- PSII and PSI both need to absorb light in order to excite the electron, which is gained from water, and transport it.
- The pathway of the electron throughout the process: water---> PSII---> PQ --->b6f ---> PSI---> Fd---> FNR ---> NADP
- Two hydrogen ions were released when the water break down outside the PSII. Hydrogen ions also enter PQ to form PQH2. To from the neutral NADPH, hydrogen ion enters to play the role to balance the electron. Large amount of hydrogen ions go through the ATP synthase to slow down its spinning motion in order to form ATP.
- The process of breaking down molecules by light is called photolysis.
- Gaining electron of a molecule is called oxidation; losing electron of a molecule is called reduction.
- Chemiosmosis is the movement of chemicals from high concentration to low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. The process of releasing ATP is chemiosmosis.
- The one help to make ATP is called ATP synthase.
- It is important that the oxygen leave the water molecule at the beginning, because it will come back again.
- ETC happens in thylakoid lumen.
- When the spinning motion of ATP synthase slows down by hydrogen, a phosphate come to take away the ADP which has two phosphate atoms in it and from ATP which has three phosphate atoms in it.
- assimilates carbon dioxide to produce an organic molecule that can be used to produce biologically important molecules such as carbohydrates.
- energy from ATP and NADPH is used to synthesize glucose.
